Java Forum / General / December 2007
Communicating with a servlet using NIO?
Qu0ll - 02 Dec 2007 14:38 GMT Is it possible for a client applet to communicate with a servlet using NIO? I know it's possible using standard IO but I would like to implement a servlet that accepts NIO connections from clients and interacts with them. Is this possible? I don't want to use a special port because of firewall considerations.
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Lew - 02 Dec 2007 15:11 GMT > Is it possible for a client applet to communicate with a servlet using > NIO? I know it's possible using standard IO but I would like to > implement a servlet that accepts NIO connections from clients and > interacts with them. Is this possible? I don't want to use a special > port because of firewall considerations. The choice of NIO or the older IO packages is independent between client and server. It's just a connection.
Likewise the port choice is independent of how you use the port once chosen. You'll use whatever port you choose. You choose whatever port you'll use.
 Signature Lew
Andrew Thompson - 02 Dec 2007 15:38 GMT ...
>Likewise the port choice is independent of how you use the port once chosen. >You'll use whatever port you choose. You choose whatever port you'll use. (A little out of my depth here*, but..) Would it not make most sense to allow the end-user to select the (outgoing) port number that best (dang well) suits them and their existing setup? [ Many other apps. claim ports with no direct reference to the user's wishes (probably according to clever algorithms that I would prefer never to have to think/worry about). ]
Why would you do otherwise?
* My only minor messing with ports was in the Knock-Knock server/client example - and of course, I leave it to the user to decide what port numbers to use. <http://www.physci.org/jws/#kk>
 Signature Andrew Thompson http://www.physci.org/
Gordon Beaton - 03 Dec 2007 07:10 GMT > (A little out of my depth here*, but..) Would it not make most > sense to allow the end-user to select the (outgoing) port number > that best (dang well) suits them and their existing setup? [ Many > other apps. claim ports with no direct reference to the user's > wishes (probably according to clever algorithms that I would > prefer never to have to think/worry about). ] It is extremely rare for the client's outgoing port to matter, firewall or no. A "random" free port is used for virtually all outgoing connections, and there is no need to consult the user about this. A firewall that stops outgoing connections will normally do so based on the *destination* port (i.e. where the server is listening).
On the other hand, the server's port needs to be known to the client in advance, and can't be chosen by the client in any practical way.
/gordon
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George Neuner - 04 Dec 2007 07:47 GMT >.. >>Likewise the port choice is independent of how you use the port once chosen. [quoted text clipped - 6 lines] >wishes (probably according to clever algorithms that I would >prefer never to have to think/worry about). ] It's impractical. Most users won't know what ports are in use or how to find out. More importantly, you'd have to restrict the user's selection to the set of free ports and the set of ports in use changes constantly in a busy system. Not only do most programs let the system select outgoing ports, but the system also selects the incoming ports for most server programs.
When you select the listen port for your TCP (stream) server, you haven't specified all the receive ports the program will use - the total number of ports that may be used will include the backlog parameter supplied to the listen() call (which, incidently, may be silently reduced by the system). When a connection is made to a TCP listen port, the system selects a free port and transfers the incoming connection to it - all communication beyond the initial connection by the client takes place through that randomly assigned port.
Peer services sometimes do send from known ports to distinguish their own traffic from clients or other connection attempts, but in general it's rarely necessary to pick outgoing ports for your program.
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Lew - 04 Dec 2007 15:33 GMT > Peer services sometimes do send from known ports to distinguish their > own traffic from clients or other connection attempts, but in general > it's rarely necessary to pick outgoing ports for your program. Furthermore, tying down the client port reduces another degree of freedom for the system. Architecturally a program should only lock down the degrees of freedom that it absolutely must in order to function correctly. The more it can tolerate from the environment, i.e., ignore, the more robust the system.
Leaving client-side port selection to the client is smart. Leaving client-side behavior in general to the client is smart.
 Signature Lew
Esmond Pitt - 06 Dec 2007 05:42 GMT > constantly in a busy system. Not only do most programs let the system > select outgoing ports, but the system also selects the incoming ports > for most server programs. This is not correct. TCP/IP uses the same port number as the listening port for incoming connections.
> When a connection is made to a TCP > listen port, the system selects a free port and transfers the incoming > connection to it - all communication beyond the initial connection by > the client takes place through that randomly assigned port. This is not correct. See above.
George Neuner - 07 Dec 2007 23:45 GMT >> constantly in a busy system. Not only do most programs let the system >> select outgoing ports, but the system also selects the incoming ports [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > >This is not correct. See above. Sorry, but it is you who are wrong. Look in your help or man pages for the description of the "accept" call.
You may be thinking that sockets can be shared and multiplexed - which is true - but that's not how the accept call works.
<QUOTE> from FreeBSD man page accept(2) Accept removes the next connection request from the queue (or waits until a connection request arrives), creates a new socket for the request, and returns the descriptor for the new socket. Accept only applies to stream sockets (e.g., those used with TCP). <\QUOTE>
<QUOTE> from Linux man page accept(2) The accept() system call is used with connection-based socket types (SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET). It extracts the first connection request on the queue of pending connections, creates a new connected socket, and returns a new file descriptor referring to that socket. The newly created socket is not in the listening state. The original socket sockfd is unaffected by this call. <\QUOTE>
<QUOTE> from Winsock2 SDK The accept function extracts the first connection on the queue of pending connections on socket s. It then creates and returns a handle to a new socket. The newly created socket is the socket that will handle the actual connection; it has the same properties as socket s, including the asynchronous events registered with the WSAAsyncSelect or WSAEventSelect functions. <\QUOTE>
I don't have an AT&T Unix derivative handy to quote from its man page. The basic TLI calls are similar to BSD in that t_listen sets the connection point to passive mode and t_accept creates and returns a new stream endpoint. The details are different because TLI allows compositions of streams and filters in a way that's very similar to the way Java handles streams.
In 20+ years I've worked with a half dozen versions of Unix, with Linux, with MacOS (before the Unix versions), with every version of Windows and with three different RTOS's. I've never encountered any TCP implementation in which accept did not create a new socket.
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Lew - 08 Dec 2007 01:47 GMT >>> constantly in a busy system. Not only do most programs let the system >>> select outgoing ports, but the system also selects the incoming ports [quoted text clipped - 20 lines] > applies to stream sockets (e.g., those used with TCP). > <\QUOTE> All of these references say "creates a new socket", none say "assigns a new port".
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George Neuner - 09 Dec 2007 02:10 GMT > these references say "creates a new socket", none say "assigns a new port". Oh sh.t, you're right. Geez ... I don't know what the hell I was thinking. Sorry for the confusion.
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Lew - 09 Dec 2007 02:15 GMT >> these references say "creates a new socket", none say "assigns a new port".
> Oh sh.t, you're right. Geez ... I don't know what the hell I was > thinking. Sorry for the confusion. George, you are a hero to me now. I am being serious, not sarcastic. I praise you and laud you.
Lots of people make mistakes. I've made worse mistakes in these newsgroups than this one. Your forthrightness is a good example. Also, we cannot learn unless we are willing to admit mistakes and change direction.
Bravo, George!
 Signature Lew
Qu0ll - 02 Dec 2007 20:10 GMT >> Is it possible for a client applet to communicate with a servlet using >> NIO? I know it's possible using standard IO but I would like to implement [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > The choice of NIO or the older IO packages is independent between client > and server. It's just a connection. OK, but how do you do it exactly? What I'm trying to achieve is to do it from an applet and not have the user have to select a port. The examples of applet-2-servlet communication I can find use URLConnection but this only has methods to get OutputStream etc. - nothing in relation to getting SocketChannel or NIO-speak. Hence my original question as to whether it can be done with NIO.
> Likewise the port choice is independent of how you use the port once > chosen. You'll use whatever port you choose. You choose whatever port > you'll use. I want to use the same port that HTTP uses so that there are no issues with firewalls having to approve connections.
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-Q _________________________________________________ Qu0llSixFour@gmail.com (Replace the "SixFour" with numbers to email me)
Lew - 02 Dec 2007 21:46 GMT > OK, but how do you do it exactly? What I'm trying to achieve is to do > it from an applet and not have the user have to select a port. The > examples of applet-2-servlet communication I can find use URLConnection > but this only has methods to get OutputStream etc. - nothing in relation > to getting SocketChannel or NIO-speak. Hence my original question as to > whether it can be done with NIO. I suppose you could use the Socket class instead of URLConnection, but the value of a channel on the client side is questionable. The point of NIO is to multiplex several communications going through the same port. This will not be an issue for a client. Why not just use the regular IO operations through the URLConnection and just let the server do the NIO for its own sake?
What do you expect NIO will gain for you on the client side?
 Signature Lew This post contained two requests for information.
Qu0ll - 02 Dec 2007 21:57 GMT >> OK, but how do you do it exactly? What I'm trying to achieve is to do it >> from an applet and not have the user have to select a port. The examples [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > operations through the URLConnection and just let the server do the NIO > for its own sake? Are you saying that I could have standard IO at the client end and NIO at the server end? I didn't realise you could mix them that way. Do you have an example of how that would work or could you explain it in a bit more detail?
> What do you expect NIO will gain for you on the client side? Nothing really - I just thought that the client had to be NIO if the server was NIO.
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-Q _________________________________________________ Qu0llSixFour@gmail.com (Replace the "SixFour" with numbers to email me)
Owen Jacobson - 02 Dec 2007 22:56 GMT >>> OK, but how do you do it exactly? What I'm trying to achieve is to do >>> it from an applet and not have the user have to select a port. The [quoted text clipped - 19 lines] > Nothing really - I just thought that the client had to be NIO if the > server was NIO. Not at all. NIO is merely another way to talk to the IO subsystem of the local host OS. Between hosts, it's all TCP/IP.
Once a sequence of bytes has been handed off to the OS to transmit over a socket, there is nothing in that sequence of bytes identifying how it was handed over; the stream {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, ....} will look identical to the receiver regardless of whether you use NIO to write it or a Socket. What NIO does get you is the ability to multiplex IO operations on a single thread. For applications with non-trivial numbers of IO handles open at a time this matters; for programs that only have one or two sockets, using a thread per socket is fine and probably easier to read (if, possibly, harder to make thread-correct).
A client connecting to an NIO-based server would look identical to a client connecting to any other server: new Socket ("192.168.0.1", 2700);
An NIO-based server accepting connections from a non-NIO client would look identical to a server accepting connections from an NIO client: someServerSocketChannel.accept ();
-o
Gordon Beaton - 03 Dec 2007 07:13 GMT > I want to use the same port that HTTP uses so that there are no > issues with firewalls having to approve connections. Of course that decision will force you to run your server on a host that isn't already running a webserver. If the client is an applet, then you will be forced to sign it or it will be unable to connect to your service.
/gordon
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Nigel Wade - 03 Dec 2007 10:35 GMT > Is it possible for a client applet to communicate with a servlet using NIO? > I know it's possible using standard IO but I would like to implement a > servlet that accepts NIO connections from clients and interacts with them. > Is this possible? I don't want to use a special port because of firewall > considerations. A real firewall should do deep packet inspection which will ensure that the traffic which is going over the "http" port is actually HTTP protocol. They do this with the specific intent of blocking this type of port "hijacking".
Of course, if the firewalls in question are not commercial grade border firewalls then you will probably get away with it. If they are then you might well be wasting your time.
 Signature Nigel Wade, System Administrator, Space Plasma Physics Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK E-mail : nmw@ion.le.ac.uk Phone : +44 (0)116 2523548, Fax : +44 (0)116 2523555
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