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Java Forum / General / February 2007Counting Char's Within Strings
Alright a couple of stupid questions here about strings and Chars. First off here is my Code public class CountVowels { public static void main(String[] args) { int vowel = 0; int i; char pos; String String1 = "Event Handlers is dedicated to making your event a most memorable one."; int length = String1.length(); for(i = 0; i < length - 1 ; i++); { pos = String1.charAt(i); if (pos == 'A' || pos == 'a' || pos == 'E' || pos == 'e' || pos == 'I' || pos == 'i' || pos == 'O' || pos == 'o' || pos == 'U' || pos == 'u') { vowel += 1; } } System.out.println("There are " + vowel + " vowels in this String"); } } First question is why does String1.length() return 70 when I only count 69? The other question is why does this code always produce 0 vowels? Thanks in advance I am just a little stumped. > Alright a couple of stupid questions here about strings and Chars. > First off here is my Code [quoted text clipped - 25 lines] > First question is why does String1.length() return 70 when I only > count 69? Because you can't count. > The other question is why does this code always produce 0 > vowels? The problem is in this line! > for(i = 0; i < length - 1 ; i++);  SignatureKnute Johnson email s/nospam/knute/ On Jan 31, 1:51 pm, Knute Johnson <nos...@rabbitbrush.frazmtn.com> wrote: > > Alright a couple of stupid questions here about strings and Chars. > > First off here is my Code [quoted text clipped - 39 lines] > Knute Johnson > email s/nospam/knute/ You should be nice and tell him why that line is wrong. Since you have a ; after the ), it tells that for loop to do *nothing* for all i between [0, length-1) it really should be for (i = 0; i < length; ++i) { // do vowal county bit. } > On Jan 31, 1:51 pm, Knute Johnson <nos...@rabbitbrush.frazmtn.com> > wrote: [quoted text clipped - 45 lines] > // do vowal county bit. > } I guess it is difficult to express 'ribbing' through the post. As to the ;, I was trying to be helpful but not give the fellow the direct answer as we have all done this at one time or another. Finding being its own great reward, I thought he would see what I posted and slap his head and say "Oh that was dumb", as I have on several occasions. In fact it took me a couple minutes to find it this time. SignatureKnute Johnson email s/nospam/knute/ > I guess it is difficult to express 'ribbing' through the post. > [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > and say "Oh that was dumb", as I have on several occasions. In fact it > took me a couple minutes to find it this time. I have seen classes where ";" is simply described as the end of a statement - which I suppose is not specifically "wrong" but to someone who had misinterpreted it early on could cause continued frustration. It would be good for any instructor to head this one off by not only showing how the "mistake" could be made, but by showing how in certain circumstances doing nothing inside a loop would make sense. -- LTP :) Hi Knute, How this code will help to find vowels in a particular string if ("AaEeIiOoUu".indexOf(pos) >= 0) { vowel += 1; } "AaEeIiOoUu" is a complete string.... Or else u r asking to do like this "A".indexOf(pos)>=0 "E".indexOf(pos)>=0 "I".indexOf(pos)>=0 "O".indexOf(pos)>=0 "U".indexOf(pos)>=0 Thanks, Moin On Feb 1, 7:24 am, Knute Johnson <nos...@rabbitbrush.frazmtn.com> wrote: > > On Jan 31, 1:51 pm, Knute Johnson <nos...@rabbitbrush.frazmtn.com> > > wrote: [quoted text clipped - 58 lines] > Knute Johnson > email s/nospam/knute/ > Hi Knute, > [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] > "O".indexOf(pos)>=0 > "U".indexOf(pos)>=0 No, he meant exactly what he wrote: the expression "AaEeIiOoUu".indexOf(pos) >= 0 is true iff the character `pos` is one of AaEeIiOoUu. PS Is `y` a vowel? SignatureChris "electrick hedgehog" Dollin "We live for the One, you die for the One." Unsaid /Babylon 5/. > PS Is `y` a vowel? Wow! Thanks for asking. That was great fun. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel#Written_vowels] -- Jeff Higgins Chris Dollin wrote: >> PS Is `y` a vowel? > Wow! Thanks for asking. That was great fun. > [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel#Written_vowels] This came up in a recent thread hereabouts. Bear in mind that Java is an i18n environment, and not all locales have "vowels". - Lew > not all locales have "vowels". I mean, not all have the same "vowels". - Lew >> not all locales have "vowels". > > I mean, not all have the same "vowels". I am now tempted to discover or invent a language which does not have any vowels. - Oliver > I am now tempted to discover or invent a language which does not have > any vowels. > > - Oliver Look no further than some posts in this group. (cn y rd ths?), >>> not all locales have "vowels". >> >> I mean, not all have the same "vowels". > > I am now tempted to discover or invent a language which does not have > any vowels. That would certainly sound interesting. Of course it depends on what you mean. For a language to have no vowel sounds would make it very . . unfluid. But for instance Hebrew only records consonant sounds -- LTP :) > But for instance Hebrew only records consonant sounds Arabic too, as I understand it. -- chris >> But for instance Hebrew only records consonant sounds > >Arabic too, as I understand it. My understanding is that written versions of both languages represent vowel sounds as diacritical marks over the letters. The oldest versions of the old testament are in Hebrew. They have no diacritics, therefore no vowels, and no spaces between words! -- Tim Slattery Slattery_T@bls.gov http://members.cox.net/slatteryt >>> But for instance Hebrew only records consonant sounds >> [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] > The oldest versions of the old testament are in Hebrew. They have no > diacritics, therefore no vowels, and no spaces between words! No spaces? Are you sure you aren't think of Latin? I have seen Hebrew text . . and these has always been . . spaces -- LTP :) > I have seen Hebrew text . . and these has always been . . spaces Captain's . Log . . Stardate . Fifty-Three - - - Forty- . . . two point . . . five: ... - Lew >>>> not all locales have "vowels". >>> [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > > But for instance Hebrew only records consonant sounds I'm working with the definition of vowel which says that it is a sound. That is, letters in themselves cannot be classified as being vowels or not, but the pronunciations of letters can be classified as being vowels or not (similarly, invisible things like "love" or "honor" cannot be classified as being red or not, but visible things like "my car" or "clouds" can be classified as being red or not). I don't know about Hebrew, but I'd imagine it *does* have vowel sounds, even if you do not explicitly write them. Similarly, as another poster noted, I wouldn't count "cn y rd ths?" as being a vowel-less language. There are vowels -- they are simply implied. I asked a linguist friend of mine about it, and she said that while it's logically possible for such a language to exist (e.g. if the language were composed only of the nasal "n" sound, and timing to communicate, sounding like a series of grunts of varying duration), it would be extremely unlikely for such a language to naturally evolve into existence. So any such language would probably be artificially invented. - Oliver >>>>>not all locales have "vowels". >>>> [quoted text clipped - 16 lines] > being red or not, but visible things like "my car" or "clouds" can be > classified as being red or not). That may well be a very logical definition of vowel, but it is probably not the appropriate definition in the context of an attempt to count characters in a string, the original point of this thread. Patricia > I don't know about Hebrew, but I'd imagine it *does* have vowel sounds, > even if you do not explicitly write them. Similarly, as another poster > noted, I wouldn't count "cn y rd ths?" as being a vowel-less language. > There are vowels -- they are simply implied. That is what I meant - I was looking for clarification - was he looking for a language with no vowel sounds or a written format with no letters which represent sounds? -- LTP :) > I don't know about Hebrew, but I'd imagine it *does* have vowel sounds, > even if you do not explicitly write them. In modern Hebrew, a couple of now-unused consonants are employed as vowels, and other vowels are indicated by diacritics (as in Tengwar). Ancient Hebrew, in common with other West Semitic languages, did not write vowels because large amounts of West Semitic grammar are handled by ablaut (like English "sing", "sang", "sung"), so that it is possible to get a good idea of the meaning of any sentence when it is written with only the consonants. This was, in fact, of crucial importance in the evolution of the alphabet. The West Semitic languages received writing in the form of a syllabary, like Cherokee or Japanese kana, in which every symbol represented a syllable: ba, be, bi, bo, bu, ga, ge, gi, go, gu, da, de, di, do, du, and so forth. Because of not needing to write the vowels, they were able to cut down the number of characters to a mere twenty-odd, which vastly reduced the amount of memorization needed to learn to read and write. When the Greeks picked up the West Semitic alphabet from the Phoenicians, they found that they needed to write the vowels for their language, so picked a few consonants that they didn't need to use as vowels instead, created variations on a few more letters, and then they were ready to go. The Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, and many more, derive from the Greek. See the really cool animations at <URL:http://www.wam.umd.edu/~rfradkin/alphapage.html>. SignatureJohn W. Kennedy "The blind rulers of Logres Nourished the land on a fallacy of rational virtue." -- Charles Williams. "Taliessin through Logres: Prelude" > Chris Dollin wrote: >>> PS Is `y` a vowel? [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > This came up in a recent thread hereabouts. Bear in mind that Java is an > i18n environment, and not all locales have "vowels". Well, it's still been an enjoyable few minutes browsing links from the search string "vowel". :-) Now here are some people who have seriously considered vowels. R-colored vowels! PS Just a thought. How many vowels in "thought". > - Lew > Alright a couple of stupid questions here about strings and Chars. > First off here is my Code [quoted text clipped - 28 lines] > > Thanks in advance I am just a little stumped. Please in future post code that is directly compilable. Your long strings (>80 chars or so) are broken in your post, and have to be manually fixed in order to compile. In future, this style helps: String longString = "This is a really " + "long string I am making so " + "I will split it up like this"; As for your no vowels counted problem - it's a subtle one, this: you've put a ';' after your for statement. This means what you think is the body of your for is actually a separate statement that run after the for loop. The for loop itself is running from 0 to 69 and doing nothing (;) each time. Remove the ';' at end of the for line and it works. You only count 69 chars? You sure? Count again... did you include the full stop at the end? Did you actually count them, or are you being mislead by the fact the for loop goes up to 'length - 1'? Finally, that horrid big 'if' check for the vowels can be better written this way: if ("AaEeIiOoUu".indexOf(pos) >= 0) { vowel += 1; } If you make sure pos contains a lower-case char, you could even just do "aeiou".indexOf... lex > Alright a couple of stupid questions here about strings and Chars. The simplest way, of course, uses regular expressions: int countVowels(String input) { return input.replaceAll("[^aeiouyAEIOUY]", "").size(); } Free MagazinesGet these publications absolutely FREE for up to 12 months. There are no hidden fees and no obligation. Simply choose a title, complete the application form and submit it. Read more ...
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